Among the figures of the March 1 Independence Movement, the most notable is the 'Jandarck of Korea' and the martyr Yoo Gwan-soon, who is called the 'Flower of the March 1 Independence Movement'.
Yu Gwansun was born on December 16, 1902 in a small village in Jiryeong-ri, Idong-myeon, Mokcheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do (now Yongdu-ri, Byeongcheon-myeon, Cheonan-si) as the second daughter of Yoo Joong-kwon. The brothers were Gyechul, his older brother Wooseok, and his two brothers Inseok and Kwanseok.
Born in a Christian-affected family, Yoo Gwan-soon attended Maebong Church, where his uncle worked as a missionary, and grew up being greatly influenced by Christianity through his wife. Maebong Church was established around 1901 and was destroyed in November of that year by the arson of a private first class when he participated in the national debt compensation movement in August 1907. Yu Bin-gi (1883-1928), a relative of Yu Gwansun, returned to his hometown with a missionary named E, M, Cable, 1874-1949 and rebuilt the church in 1908 with Jo In-won, father of Jo Byeong-ok, and Yu Jung-mu, uncle of Yu Gwansun.
At that time, Mokcheon-gun was an area where soldiers who were dispersed by Japan were actively engaged. In addition, Yu Gwan-sun grew up in this area, frequently watching and listening to the activities of the Independence Army, as well as patriotic movements such as the National Debt Redemption Movement.
Furthermore, Yu Gwan-sun, who has a character of Yu Gwan-sun who has a strong will and belief that she should sacrifice for the restoration of her country's sovereignty through this growth process.
Ewha School days
With the consideration of his missionary wife, Mrs. Alise H. Sharp, Yoo Gwan-soon was transferred to Ewha School, a mission school, along with his cousin, Yoo Ye-do.
Yoo Gwan-soon was also very exemplary in school life. He was loved by his colleagues and teachers, as well as took the initiative in everything, and was always the first to take the lead in helping others.
Yu Gwan-sun was also a very active person. Once, a friend and a friend drew about 70 Taegeukgi in the middle of the night and attached it to the room of the Western missionary, the room of the dormitory students, and each classroom. This caused a stir the next day, but the incident led to the learning of how to draw the Taegeukgi accurately.
At that time, the Japanese did not hesitate to commit atrocities wherever it went, it did not hesitate to commit atrocities. Even in the most sacred church, he came in with a sword, and the beholder was filled with indignation. In order to awaken the fate of the country, which is falling like a lantern in front of the wind, Ewha School invited prominent social figures to give lectures and discuss the situation every Friday evening. Growing up in this environment, Yu Gwan-sun participated in a group of five people and started activities to restore her country.
On January 21, 1919, King Gojong's death caused the entire nation to fall into a rage, and the students of Ewha School voluntarily went to school in mourning. In the end, the people's pent-up anger led to the March 1 Independence Movement.
At that time, countless students joined forces to take the initiative in the March 1st and March 5th demonstrations in Seoul. At a regular meeting held on February 28, the Ewha School decided that all students would go out in front of Daehanmun Gate in mourning and participate in the march.
The school recognized Lee Mun-hoe's decision in advance, and the janitor locked the door, and the teachers guarded it all over the campus, but about 15 people pushed out and joined the crowd. Some of the students organized a secret society group to actively participate in the March 1 Independence Movement, and Yu Gwan-sun also participated as a member of the secret society group.
The death squad of six classmates, including Yu Gwansun, went over the back wall of the dormitory to Pagoda Park and shouted "Hurrah." Yoo Gwan-soon was also arrested on March 5 during a hurray demonstration at Seoul Station, but was soon released. When the Japanese ordered the closure of schools nationwide on March 10, Yu Gwan-sun came down to her hometown.
On the train coming down to her hometown, when her friends said that the rattling train sounds like "a penny, two pennies," Yoo Gwan-soon said, "Chosun Independence! It is a very famous anecdote that it sounds like 'Joseon Independence!'
Aunae Hooray Movement
Yoo Gwan-soon, who came down to her hometown, decided to start a fire of hurrah for the people in her hometown, first told the church elders that she had been in Seoul, and issued the Declaration of Independence, which she had been hiding.
Geosil was set on March 1 (April 1 in the Gregorian calendar), the market day of Aunae Market. On the other hand, Yu Gwansun prepared for the demonstration, and he visited the local community, churches, and neighboring areas, avoiding the eyes of the Japanese police, and persuaded them to participate in the independence movement. To that end, he made the Taegeukgi all night long. Drawing the Taegeukgi was not only a very secretive work, but only Yu Gwansun and Yu Ye-do were able to draw the Taegeukgi, so the two of them stayed up all night.
On the morning of Aunae Market Day on April 1, the Aunae Market was filled with national spirit, with crowds and merchants who came to see the event in advance. Yu Gwansun arranged the procession of the crowd, handed out the Taegeukgi hidden in the basket at the street corner, and stood at the vanguard of the procession to shout "Hurrah for Independence." Like Joan of Arc, a girl who died in France, she prayed to lead her to become a man who can serve the nation. He led the procession forward. As the procession reached the middle of the market, he went up to the rice island and encouraged the crowd, addressing the importance of our independence and the necessity of gaining independence.
"Everyone! We are a country with a long history of half a million years. However, Japan walked through the heavens and the earth, even though it was forced to join our country, and inflicted abuse and insult on us. For ten years we have been a people without a country and have endured all kinds of oppression and sorrow, but we can't stand it anymore. We have to find the country again. Let's call for independence and find the country."
Soon after, Jo In-won raised the national flag, opened his eyes, read the Declaration of Independence, and shouted "Hurrah for Independence." The shout of hurray shook the heavens and the crowd, filled with emotion and excitement, marched through the streets with cheers.
Despite the suppression of the Japanese military police who came running after hearing the news, the independence movement continued. At this time, Yoo Gwan-soon's parents were killed by a Japanese soldier's gun. In the end, Yoo lost both of his beloved parents on the same day. In addition, Yoo Gwan-soon was arrested by the Japanese military. And there were 19 people who died while singing "Hurrah" here.
incarceration, struggle, and martyrdom.
Yu Gwansun passed through the Cheonan Military Police to the Gongju court. When he was imprisoned in Gongju, he met his brother Wooseok, who was arrested for leading the movement at Yeongmyeong School in Gongju.
The Japanese police tortured Yoo Gwan-soon. At first, he thought he was a child and questioned the person behind him, but his tight lips did not say anything more than that the mastermind was him, so he could not find out any secret. She said in court:
"I am Korean. You have come to our land and killed our compatriots countless times and killed my father and mother, and it is you who have sinned. We have the right to give you punishment, but you have no right or cause to judge us."
Although he was a young student at the first trial, he was sentenced to five years in prison for being the mastermind of the Aunae Independence Movement.
Following the ruling by the Gongju District Court on May 9 of that year, all those who received heavy sentences were handed over to the Gyeongseong District Court again. Finally, she was imprisoned in Seodaemun Prison. In this place, Yu Gwan-sun met her teacher Park In-deok, and she also met Yi Sin-ae. On June 30 of that year, the Gyeongseong Boksim Court cleared some of the charges against the ruling of the Gongju District Court, a first-time court, and sentenced him to three years in prison by reducing his sentence. Yoo Gwan-soon gave up his appeal to the high court by refusing to appeal to the Japanese, just as Ahn Jung-geun gave up his appeal in Yeosu and was sentenced to death in the first trial alone.
Yu Gwansun was prepared to die, shouting "Hurrah in the morning and evening in prison," and encouraging and encouraging his comrades. Ryu kwan Soon has participated each time was beaten to death, but would yield to finish. Furthermore, on March 1, 1920, in commemoration of the first anniversary of the March 1 Independence Movement, the government also led the movement in prison to cool the blood of the people.
After keeping its meaning to the end, it eventually died in a dark cell at the age of 19 at 8:20 a.m. on September 28, 1920 without seeing the independence of the country that it had been crying out for so long at Seodaemun Prison. 토토사이트
On October 12, 1920, Welter, the head of Ewha School, and Kim Hyeon-gyeong, his brother Yoo Woo-seok, collected the bodies and enshrined them at Ewha School. On October 14, 1920, the third day of his release from prison, he held a small funeral at the cemetery in Itaewon. However, unfortunately, Yu Gwansun's tomb was not found because it was damaged.
Later, on March 1, 1962, the government awarded Yoo Gwan-soon the Order of Merit for the Foundation of the Republic of Korea, and built a memorial hall in 1969 to convey the spirit of the martyr to future generations.
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